Cirroctopus hochbergi Description Continued

1. Arms and web
   1. Arm formula 1>2>3>4 or 2>1>3>4; longest arm 65-78% of TL, shortest arm 46-71% of ML.
   2. Sexual dimorphism in suckers absent.
   3. Sucker numbers 3-4 small, next 30-35 suckers of similar size but slightly enlarged, next 30-35 suckers (those beyond web margin) rapidly decrease in size to arm tip.
   4. Suckers with small suction chamber, large, simple sucker aperature (drawing on right).
   5. Arm sucker counts to 88; more numerous in females than males of similar size.
   6. Web nodules absent.
   7. Cirri short, 3-6% of ML or 0.7-1.2 times largest sucker diameter.
   8. First cirri between suckers 1 and 2.
   9. Web sectors A and B deepest, E shallowest.
   

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   Figure. Longitudinal section through a sucker of C. hochbergi. Drawing from O'Shea (1999).

2. Eyes
   1. Eyes large.
      
      
3. Funnel
   1. Form of funnel organ unknown.
      
      
4. Fins
   1. Fins massive; length 85-173% of ML; width 36-43% of fin length.
      
      
5. Mantle cavity
   1. Mantle septum with thin adductor muscle anteriorly and thin membrane posteriorly.
   2. Gills half-orange shape.
   3. Gills with 7-8 primary lamellae (inner- and outer-most reduced in size).
      
      
6. Optic lobe and nerves
   1. Optic lobe kidney-shaped.
   2. 7-8 optic nerve bundles pass through/by white body.
   3. White bodies (violet colored) fused in dorsal midline.
   

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   Figure. Optic lobe, optic nerve bundles and white body of C. hochbergi, male, 86 mm ML. Drawing from O'Shea (1999).

7. Digestive tract
   1. Radula absent.
   2. Salivary glands absent.
   3. Crop absent.
   4. Stomach and caecum about equal in size.
   5. Intestine about 2.5 times esophagus in length.
   

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   Figure. Digestive tract of C. hochbergi, male, 86 mm ML. Drawing from O'Shea (1999)

8. Beaks
   1. Upper beak (right) with square crest; jaw minutely serrate (2 or 3 teeth); rostrum sharp, slightly deflected down; weak lateral-wall fold.
   2. Lower beak (left) rostrum with blunt tip. Photographs of the beaks can be found here.
   

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   Figure. Beaks of C. hochbergi, male 86 mm ML. Left - Lateral and ventral views of the lower beak. Right - Lateral and dorsal views of the upper beak. Drawings from O'Shea (1999).

9. Male reproductive system
   1. Terminal accessory gland largest.
   2. Penis small, flimsy, triangular, lappet-like.
   

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   Figure. Male reproductive system of C. hochbergi, 86 mm ML. Drawing from O'Shea (1999)

10. Female reproductive system
    1. Proximal oviduct about 5 times length of distal oviduct.
    2. Oviducal gland massive; distal portion nearly twice length of proximal portion.
    

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    Figure. Female reproductive system of C. hochbergi, 124 mm ML. Dark object on the oviducal gland is an encapsulated egg. Photograph from O'Shea (1999).

11. Pigmentation
    1. One white patch at the base of each fin and below each eye.
    2. Dorsal surfaces mauve to purple.
    3. Ventral surface of mantle and dorsal and ventral surfaces of fins slightly paler, reddish.
    4. Edges of eyelids white to pale mauve.
    5. Oral surfaces of web sectors A, B and C (to sucker 16-18) and D and E (to sucker 12-13) deep mauve to purple; outer oral surfaces of web and oral surfaces of arms and suckers white to pale mauve.
       
       
12. Measurements and counts

    Sex	Female	Male?	Male	Male	?
    ML, mm	151	126	89	88	58
    MW, mm	132	105	132	91	57
    Fin length	158	108	154	81	78
    Fin width	47	47	64	32	29
    Length, arm I	324	274	290	170	145
    Length, arm II	316	279	325	170	148
    Length, arm III	314	271	304	162	154
    Length, arm IV	300	255	280	147	140
    Web depth, sect. A	194	150	120	117	90
    Web depth, sect. B	174	160	162	117	87
    Web depth, sect. C	157	142	163	95	82
    Web depth, sect. D	131	123	100	80	70
    Web depth, sect. E	81	67	78	50	48
    Sucker counts, arm I	86	78	72	72	77
    Sucker counts, arm II	88	77	77	74	77
    Sucker counts, arm III	86	78	72	72	73
    Sucker counts, arm IV	84	79	73	70	74
    Max. arm sucker diam.	5.5-6.0	5.2-6.0	6.0-7.0	3.0-3.1	2.5-3.0
    Number, gill lamellae	7	7	7	7	8

    Measurements are from O'Shea (1999). Measurements from right and left sides are averaged and rounded.

References

O'Shea, Steve. 1999. The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Octopoda (Mollusca: Cephalopoda). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 112: 280pp.