Under Construction

Oegopsida Orbigny, 1845

Richard E. Young and Michael Vecchione
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
taxon links [up-->]Onychoteuthidae [up-->]Cycloteuthidae [up-->]Ommastrephidae [up-->]Lepidoteuthid families [up-->]Architeuthid families [up-->]Histioteuthid families [up-->]Cranchiidae [up-->]Thysanoteuthidae [up-->]Enoploteuthid families [up-->]Brachioteuthidae [up-->]Chiroteuthid families [up-->]Gonatidae [down<--]Decapodiformes Interpreting the tree
close box

This tree diagram shows the relationships between several groups of organisms.

The root of the current tree connects the organisms featured in this tree to their containing group and the rest of the Tree of Life. The basal branching point in the tree represents the ancestor of the other groups in the tree. This ancestor diversified over time into several descendent subgroups, which are represented as internal nodes and terminal taxa to the right.

example of a tree diagram

You can click on the root to travel down the Tree of Life all the way to the root of all Life, and you can click on the names of descendent subgroups to travel up the Tree of Life all the way to individual species.

For more information on ToL tree formatting, please see Interpreting the Tree or Classification. To learn more about phylogenetic trees, please visit our Phylogenetic Biology pages.

close box
Containing group: Decapodiformes

Introduction

Among cephalopods, oegopsid squids dominate the pelagic, oceanic environment. Diversity at the family and generic levels is very high with 24 families and 69 genera. Although pelagic, some species are consistently associated with and some occasionally sit on the ocean floor.

Diagnosis

Decapodiforms ...

Characteristics


  1. Arms
    1. Suckers without circularis muscles.

  2. Tentacles
    1. Tentacular club usually with carpal (= proximal) locking-apparatus.
    2. Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
      Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

      Figure. Oral view of the club base of Cycloteuthis serventyi. The red line encircles the suckers and knobs of the carpal locking-apparatus. Drawing modified from Young and Roper (1969).

    3. Suckers without circularis muscles (see Sepioidea page).

  3. Buccal crown
    1. Buccal supports lack suckers.

  4. Head
    1. Head without tentacle pockets.
    2. Eyes without corneal membranes covering lenses.
      Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
      Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

      Figure. Dorsal view of the head of Pyroteuthis addolux with the protruding eye lenses directly exposed to sea water. Photograph by R. Young.

  5. Funnel
    1. Funnel without lateral adductor muscles. [The more superficial lateral-adductor muscles of sepioids should not to be confused with the external-adductor muscles of the Ommastrephidae.]

  6. Mantle
    1. Mantle locking-apparatus, with rare exceptions, reaches anterior mantle margin.

  7. Fins
    1. Fins usually joined posteriorly and usually without posterior lobes.
      Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
      Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

      Figure. Ventral view of mantle and fins of Ancistroteuthis lichtensteini, 175 mm ML, Mar-Eco cruise, R/V G. O. SARS, North Atlantic. Photograph by R. Young.

  8. Shell
    1. Shell a gladius.

  9. Viscera
    1. Gills with branchial canal.
      Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
      Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

      Figure. Diagramatic cross-section through gills. Drawing modified from Naef (1921-23).

    2. Oviducts paired.
    3. Females without accessory nidamental glands.

  10. Eggs
    1. Eggs, where known, in pelagic egg masses or egg strings.

Comments

Comparisons of the major groups of the Oegopsida
         CHARACTER
TAXA
Buccal connective attachment to arms IV Funnel-mantle lock; reaches anterior mantle margin Carpal locking-apparatus present
Gladius conus type
Architeuthid families
Dorsal Straight; yes
Yes Primary
Brachioteuthidae Ventral Straight; yes
Yes/No Secondary
Chiroteuthid families Ventral Variable, usually oval, often with knobs; yes?? No Secondary
Cranchiidae Ventral Fused; yes
Yes Secondary/ pseudoconus/ no conus
Cycloteuthidae Ventral Triangular; no Yes Secondary/no conus
Enoploteuthid families Dorsal Straight; yes Yes Primary
Gonatidae Ventral Straight; yes Yes Primary
Histioteuthidae families Dorsal Straight; yes Yes No conus; cupped coil
Lepidoteuthidae families Ventral Straight; yes NA/No Secondary
Ommastrephidae Dorsal Inverted-T; yes Yes/No Primary
Onychoteuthidae Ventral Straight; yes Yes Primary
Thysanoteuthidae Ventral Lazy-T; yes Yes Primary in very young only; no conus
Title Illustrations
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Scientific Name Pyroteuthis margaritifera, Promachoteuthis sp., Magnapinna ?, Helicocranchia pfefferi, Joubiniteuthis portieri, Onychoteuthis sp., Todarodes sagittatus
Acknowledgements J. portieri photograph by Frank Parish; Magnapinna (?) photograph from N.U.R.C., others photographed by R. Young.
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License - Version 3.0.
Copyright © 2004
About This Page


University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA


National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D. C. , USA

Page: Tree of Life Oegopsida Orbigny, 1845. Authored by Richard E. Young and Michael Vecchione. The TEXT of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License - Version 3.0. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license, and they may or may not be available for reuse. Click on an image or a media link to access the media data window, which provides the relevant licensing information. For the general terms and conditions of ToL material reuse and redistribution, please see the Tree of Life Copyright Policies.

Citing this page:

Young, Richard E. and Michael Vecchione. 2019. Oegopsida Orbigny, 1845. Version 26 March 2019 (under construction). http://tolweb.org/Oegopsida/19407/2019.03.26 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/

edit this page
close box

This page is a Tree of Life Branch Page.

Each ToL branch page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of a group of organisms representing a branch of the Tree of Life. The major distinction between a branch and a leaf of the Tree of Life is that each branch can be further subdivided into descendent branches, that is, subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages.

For a more detailed explanation of the different ToL page types, have a look at the Structure of the Tree of Life page.

close box

Oegopsida

Page Content

articles & notes

collections

people

Explore Other Groups

random page

  go to the Tree of Life home page
top