Ctenophora

Other Names for Ctenophora

• Vernacular Names: Comb jellies, comb jellyfish, ctenophorans

References

Carre, C. and D. Carre. 1989. Haeckelia bimaculata sp. nov., a new species of ctenophore (Cydippida, Haeckeliidae) from the Mediterranean with cnidocysts and pseudocolloblasts. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Serie III-Sciences De La Vie 308:321-327.

Carre, C. and D. Carre. 1993. Ctenella aurantia, new genus and new species of mediterranean tentacled ctenophore (Ctenellidae fam. nov.) without colloblasts, but with labial suckers. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71:1804-1810.

Costello, J. H. and R. Coverdale. 1998. Planktonic feeding and evolutionary significance of the lobate body plan within the ctenophora. Biological Bulletin 195:247-248.

Haddock, S. H. D. and J. F. Case. 1995. Not all ctenophores are bioluminescent: Pleurobrachia. Biological Bulletin 189:356-362.

Harbison, G. R. 1985. On the classification and evolution of the Ctenophora. Pages 78-100 in The Origins and Relationships of Lower Invertebrates. (S. C. Morris, J. D. George, R. Gibson and H. M. Platt, eds.). Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Harbison, G. R., L. P. Madin, and N. R. Swanberg. 1978. Natural history and distribution of oceanic ctenophores. Deep-Sea Research 25:233-256.

Harbison, G. R. and R. L. Miller. 1986. Not all ctenophores are hermaphrodites. Studies on the systematics, distribution, sexuality and development of two species of Ocyropsis. Marine Biology 90:413-424.

Martindale, M. Q. and J. Q. Henry. 1997. Ctenophora. Pages 87–115 in Embryology: Constructing the Organism. S. F. Gilbert and A. M. Raunio (eds.) Sinauer, Sunderland, MA.

Martindale, M. Q. and J. Q. Henry. 1999. Intracellular fate mapping in a basal metazoan, the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, reveals the origins of mesoderm and the existence of indeterminate cell lineages. Developmental Biology 214:243-257.

Matsumoto, G. I. and G. R. Harbison. 1993. In situ observations of foraging, feeding, and escape behavior in three orders of oceanic ctenophores: Lobata, Cestida, and Beroida. Marine Biology 117:279-287.

Mills, C.E. 1987. Revised classification of the genus Euplokamis Chun, 1880 (Ctenophora: Cydippida: Euplokamidae n. fam.), with a description of the new species Euplokamis dunlapae. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65: 2661-2668.

Mills, C. E. 1987. Key to the phylum Ctenophora. Pages 79-81 in Marine Invertebrates of the Pacific Northwest. (E. N. Kozloff, ed.) University of Washington Press, Seattle.

Mills, C. E. and R. L. Miller. 1984. Ingestion of a medusae (Aegina citrea) by the nematocyst-containing ctenophore Haekelia rubra (formerly Euchlora rubra): phylogenetic implications. Marine Biology 78:215-221.

Mills, C. E., P. R. Pugh, G. R. Harbison, and S. H. D. Haddock. (1996) Medusae, siphonophores and ctenophores of the Alborán Sea, south western Mediterranean. Scientia Marina 60: 145-163.

Morris, S. C.and D. H. Collins. 1996. Middle cambrian ctenophores from the Stephen Formation, British Columbia, Canada. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B 351:279-308.

Pianka, H. D. 1974. Ctenophora. Pages 201-265 in Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates, Volume I: Acoelomate and Pseudocoelomate Metazoans. (A. C. Giese and J. S. Pearse, eds.) Academic Press, New York.

Podar, M., S. H. D. Haddock, M. L. Sogin and G. R. Harbison. 2001. A molecular phylogenetic framework for the phylum Ctenophora using 18S rRNA genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 21:218–230.

Stanley, G. D. and W. Stürmer. 1983. The first fossil ctenophore from the lower devonian of West Germany. Nature 303:518-520.

Stanley, G. D. and W. Stürmer. 1987. A new fossil ctenophore discovered by X-rays. Nature 328:61-63.

Information on the Internet

• Introduction to the Ctenophora. UCMP Berkeley.
• Phylum Ctenophora: list of all valid species names. Maintained by Claudia Mills.
• Comb Jellies. A micscape article by Wim van Egmond.
• The JelliesZone. A page about gelatinous zooplankton provided by David Wrobel.
• Steven Haddock's Pictures of Plankton. Ctenophores and more.
• The Photo Gallery of the Bioluminescence Web Page also has some great pictures of ctenophores.
• Ctenophora. Part of the Underwater Field Guide to Ross Island & McMurdo Sound, Antarctica.
• Ctenophora of the Black Sea. Part of the Biodiversity of the Black Sea Project. Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.